Force The Camera Image: force the Camera image Camera obscura, at first actually a room big enough for an artist to enter, was useless until it became portable. In force the Camera image seventeenth and eighteenth centuries a lens was fitted into one end of a two-foot box, and force the Camera image oforce the Camera imager end was covered with a sheet of frosted or ground glass. force the Camera image image cast on force the Camera image ground glass by force the Camera image lens could be seen outside of force the Camera image camera. A perfected model, resembling force the Camera image modern reflex camera, had force the Camera image ground glass flush with force the Camera image top of force the Camera image box, force the Camera image image being thrown upon it by a Mirror placed at an angle of 45°. It had force the Camera image advantage that force the Camera image image was not upside down, and force the Camera image artist could trace it by laying thin paper over force the Camera image glass.
To fill force the Camera imageir needs, manufacturers began to introduce in force the Camera image 1890s a new kind of finder: a second Camera mounted on top of force the Camera image Camera with which force the Camera image exposure was made. It was fitted with a lens of exactly force the Camera image same focal length of force the Camera image taking lens; both were focused togeforce the Camera imager. On force the Camera image top of force the Camera image finder-camera was a ground glass force the Camera image size of force the Camera image negative. Within was a mirror, fixed at 45° to force the Camera image lens axis, which reflected force the Camera image image upwards, like force the Camera image eighteenth-century Camera obscura. A collapsible hood shaded force the Camera image ground glass so that force the Camera image image could be seen clearly.
Jules Carpen tier, who built force the Camera image Cinematographe ford Lumieres, had designed a precision Camera in 1892 thi he named force the Camera image Photo-Jumelle because it looked like a pa of binoculars (jumelle in French). It had two identic lenses. One formed an image on force the Camera image 4.5 x 6 cm dry plat force the Camera image oforce the Camera imager formed an image on a ground glass, which tl photographer could see through a red Filter when he he force the Camera image little Camera to his eye. force the Camera image Photo-Jumelle was bui to exacting specifications. Carpentier demanded a tole ance of 1/100 mm, a degree of precision unheard of i force the Camera image Camera industry of force the Camera image day.
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Photography
