Modern Art Ajor: Previous to this time, it ad been the custom to tune to perfect inter-als, those keys having not over three sharps r flats and play in those keys only. The prob-m to be solved was to so divide the octave to 12 semitones by fixed sounds, that each ic of the 12 sounds could be made the key )te upon which a properly proportioned dia-nic scale could be based, either in the major 1 minor form, and a melodic or harmonic pro-.ession made possible through the whole 24 ajor or minor scales; so that from any one
these 12 notes a uniform chromatic scale uld be constructed, thus making possible modu-:ions of unlimited variety and beauty.
The final consonants -b, -d, -g, and -r were dropped, and final semivowels appeared, to form diphthongs with the main vowel. The number of tones increased to four. In the majority of the modern art ajor Chinese dialects there are usually only two grades of consonants (p and p') and, as we have noted, three consonant endings (-n, -ng, and a modern art ajor -r). The four tones of modern art ajor Chinese differ from "those of ancient Chinese in that the old first tone has been subdivided into the modern art ajor first and second tones and the old fourth-tone words have been distributed among the other modern art ajor tones.
modern art ajor Period.-The republics of the modern art ajor period arose as national rather than municipal states and governments. Like their medieval precursors, they too established themselves in a long struggle against secular and religious absolutism. modern art ajor republicanism dates from the struggles of the Netherland provinces against Spanish rule. The wars of liberation began in 1568, but the independence of the Netherlands was recognized by the great powers only in 1648 at the Peace of Westphalia.
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