Portrait Of Cardinal: Fi vio Orsini, librarian of Cardinal Farnese, owni several pictures by El Greco, including the f mous portrait of Cardinal of Clovio now in the Pinacoteca Capodimonte in Naples. The most marked effe on El Greco of his stay in Rome was the stroi impression he received there of Italian niannt ism, especially of Michelangelo's late worl These monumental forms and compositions co tinued to be reflected in El Greco's work loi after he left Italy.
In 1621 he moved to Paris, where he assisted Nicolas Poussin in decorating the Luxembourg Palace. Champaigne was patronized by Marie de Medicis, Louis XIII, and Cardinal Richelieu, for whom he painted a series of frescoes in the dome of the Sorbonne church. The influence of Rubens and van Dyck is seen in the paintings of this period, including Adoration of the Shepherds (1630; Wallace Collection, London) and a portrait of Cardinal of Richelieu (1635; National Gallery, London).
For extended biography consult Avenal, G. d', Richelieu et la monarchie absolue (2d ed., 4 vols., Paris 1895) ; Barriere, J. F., Memoirs of the Duke de Richelieu (New York 1904) ; Caillet, J., UAdministration en France sous le ministere du cardinal de Richelieu (new^ed., 2 vols., Paris 1863); Fagniez, G., Le pere Joseph et Richelieu (2 vols., Paris 1894) ; Hanoteaux, G., Histoire du cardinal de Richelieu (Paris 1893) ; Lodge, R., Richelieu (London 1896) ; Martineau, A., Le cardinal de Richelieu (Paris 1865) ; Perkins, J. B., Richelieu and the Growth of the French Power (New York 1900); Topin, M. J. F., Louis XII et Richelieu (Paris 1885).
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